and sword (2:34–35). The important point here is that suffering precedes glory; Jesus must die before he can live (Rom 14:9; Rev 1:18; 2:8). The role of suffering in redemption escapes the pair on the road to Emmaus, as it escaped many if not most of their Jewish contemporaries. For them, suffering and death are the abnegation of hope. They cannot conceive, nor can humanity as a whole conceive, that suffering and death are the necessary means of divine redemption and eternal hope. The loss of hope